Taxpayer Alert

TA 2012/4

The Commissioner's views on the application of section 177E of the ITAA 1936 are contained in Taxation Ruling IT 2627 and Taxation Determination TD 95/37. The Commissioner's view on the operation of the imputation system and section 177EA of the ITAA 1936 is discussed in Taxation Ruling TR 2009/3. ATO Law Administration Practice Statement PS LA 2005/24 Application of General Anti-Avoidance Rules provides guidelines in dealing with the application of the general anti-avoidance rules in Part IVA of the ITAA 1936.

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Overview

This Taxpayer Alert describes arrangements where the accumulated profits of a private company are distributed in a substantially tax-free form to an entity associated with the ordinary shareholders of the private company. The dividends are distributed on a new class of shares which the private company has created and issued to the associated entity for nominal consideration. The dividends are fully franked such that the associated entity will bear little or no additional income tax.

The ATO is concerned that such arrangements are carefully planned so that the ordinary shareholders and/or their associates will derive the economic benefit of the accumulated profits in a substantially (if not entirely) tax-free form.

Context for the arrangement

Generally speaking, the existence of undistributed profits in a private company creates a potential tax liability for its shareholders. That tax liability would ordinarily crystallise when the profits are eventually accessed by the shareholders, albeit with the benefit of franking credits if those profits are distributed as a franked dividend.

Some arrangements that shift value between the shares or their shareholders and their associates may have income tax consequences under the general value shifting rules or the deemed dividend provisions. Where arrangements involve income tax avoidance, there are also anti-avoidance rules for schemes that deal with dividend stripping, the cancellation of tax benefits for avoided income and the cancellation of franking credit benefits.

Description

This Taxpayer Alert applies to arrangements generally marketed with some or all of the features substantially equivalent to the following:

1.

A private company ("the target company") has accumulated significant profits which have been subject to income tax at the company tax rate.

2.

The target company's ordinary shares are held by one or more individuals ("the original shareholders") who may also be the target company directors.

3.

A tax intermediary recommends the following steps to the controller(s) of the target company.

4.

The target company creates a new class of shares that has some or all of the following characteristics:

a.

a right to receive a dividend distribution at the discretion of the target company's directors;

b.

a lack of any voting rights or rights to participate in surplus assets of the target company upon its winding up;

c.

a right by the target company to redeem the new shares within four years of the share's issue date; and/or

d.

a right by the target company to abolish dividend entitlements on the new shares within four years of the share's issue date.

5.

The new shares are issued to an entity or entities ("the new shareholders") that are closely associated with the ordinary shareholders of the target company.

6.

The new shareholders pay nominal consideration for the new shares.

7.

Significant profits accumulated in the target company are then distributed as a dividend to the new shareholders, potentially with franking credits.

8.

A series of transactions is entered into as a means to transfer the economic benefits of all or some of the distributions to the control of the original shareholders/associates with a purpose of securing a better tax outcome. In some cases, these transactions may be delayed for some time, for example, the distributions may be planned to spread over a four year period.

9.

The original shareholders and their advisers may cite a commercial rationale, such as asset protection, for this type of arrangement. The nature of the transactions may involve the use of promissory notes and/or a 'round robin' bank facility that involves funds instantaneously flowing through accounts to create transaction records.

10.

In certain arrangements the funds represented by the dividend distribution may be:

a.

lent to the original shareholders and/or their associates;

b.

distributed to a trust, or an individual, that has carry forward tax losses, which may result in no further tax being paid and may generate a refund of franking credits;

c.

distributed through a series of trusts and companies and ultimately end up in the hands of, or the control of, the original shareholders and/or their family in a manner which attracts no or minimal additional tax; or

d.

distributed to a non-resident and not subject to any further Australian tax. The non-resident then loans a comparable amount back to the target company.

11.

The accumulated profits of the target company are effectively placed in the hands of, or in the control of, the original shareholders and/or their family in a substantially (or entirely) tax-free form.

Diagram of arrangement

Features which concern us

The ATO considers that arrangements of this type give rise to the following issues relevant to taxation laws, being whether:

(a)

an amount should be included in the assessment of any entity as an ordinary dividend or as a deemed dividend under Division 7A of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936);

(b)

an amount should be deductible for the target company or its shareholders in respect of any fees paid to an entity recommending the arrangement under section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) or another provision;

(c)

the new shares may be debt interests under Division 974 of the ITAA 1997;

(d)

a taxing event may generate a capital gain under CGT event K8 for the original shareholders of the target company by virtue of the direct value shifting rules in Division 725 of the ITAA 1997;

(e)

an amount should be allowable as a franking credit/offset under Part 3-6 of the ITAA 1997;

(f)

the arrangement may be a scheme by way of or in the nature of, or have substantially the effect of, dividend stripping under section 177E of the ITAA 1936;

(g)

the arrangement may be a scheme to which sections 177A to 177D of Part IVA of the ITAA 1936 (the general anti-avoidance rules) may apply;

(h)

the general anti-avoidance rule for franking credit benefits in section 177EA of the ITAA 1936 may apply to the arrangement;

(i)

any amounts received by an entity recommending the arrangement are assessable income of that entity;

(j)

any entity involved in the arrangement may be a promoter of a tax exploitation scheme for the purposes of Division 290 of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953 (TAA 1953); and

(k)

any entity involved with the arrangement that is a tax practitioner may be referred to the Tax Practitioner Board under the Tax Agent Services Act 2009 regarding matters relevant to the Code of Professional Conduct.

The ATO is currently reviewing these arrangements.

The Commissioner's views on the application of section 177E of the ITAA 1936 are contained in Taxation Ruling IT 2627 and Taxation Determination TD 95/37. The Commissioner's view on the operation of the imputation system and section 177EA of the ITAA 1936 is discussed in Taxation Ruling TR 2009/3. ATO Practice Statement Law Administration PS LA 2005/4 Application of General Anti-Avoidance Rules provides guidelines in dealing with the application of the general anti-avoidance rules in Part IVA of the ITAA 1936.

Amendment history

Date of Issue: 12 July 2012

Date of Effect: 12 July 2012

Related Rulings/Determinations:
Taxation Ruling IT 2627
Taxation Ruling TR 2009/3
Taxation Determination TD 95/37

Related Practice Statements:
PS LA 2005/24
PS LA 2008/6
PS LA 2008/7
PS LA 2008/15

Subject References:
Franking Credit
Dividend Stripping
Accumulated Profits
Direct value shifting
Division 7A
CGT
Part IVA

Legislative References:
Income Tax Assessment Act 1936
Division 7A
Part IVA
Section 177E
Section 177EA
Section 177F
Income Tax Assessment Act 1997
Section 8-1
Section 104-250
Part 3-6
Division 725
Division 974
Taxation Administration Act 1953
Division 290 of Schedule 1