Explanatory Memorandum
(Circulated by authority of the Treasurer,the Hon. John Dawkins, M.P.)Changes to the Fringe Benefits Tax structure
Summary of proposed amendments
Purpose of amendment: to improve the equitable operation of the Fringe Benefits Tax structure by calculating the fringe benefits tax payable on the tax-inclusive value of the fringe benefit and by allowing income tax deductions for the amount of fringe benefits tax paid.
Date of Effect: 1 April 1994
The fringe benefits tax legislation, when first introduced, sought to levy tax on fringe benefits provided to employees to a similar extent to income tax that would have been payable had the benefit been paid to the employee in a monetary form. This result was achieved due to the close alignment of the fringe benefits tax rate, the top marginal income tax rate and the company income tax rate.
This position was disturbed by the reduction of the company income tax rate on 1 July 1988.
The following table illustrates this distortion:
| Current System | Equivalent Salary | |
| $ | $ | |
| Fringe Benefit Value | 1000 | 1932 |
| FBT at 48.25% | 482 | 0 |
| Tax deduction for benefit paid | -390 | -753 |
| Tax deduction for FBT paid | 0 | 0 |
| Total cost to employer | 1092 | 1179 |
| Employee's income tax at 48.25% | 0 | 932 |
| Net tax paid | 92 | 179 |
The above example shows that a corporate employer would save $87 by giving an employee, who was on the top marginal rate of income tax, a fringe benefit of $1000 instead of giving that employee a net (after income tax) monetary payment of $1000.
To restore the similarity in the treatment of employee remuneration, Part 3 of the Bill will introduce a new system of taxing fringe benefits. While the new system will increase an employer's fringe benefits tax liability, it will also permit income tax deductions for fringe benefits tax paid, where applicable.
Explanation of proposed amendments
Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act 1986
The Bill will amend the definition of "fringe benefits taxable amount" (currently defined in subsection 136(1)) to ensure that this amount is increased to a tax-inclusive amount. That is, the amount that would have been the "fringe benefits taxable amount" under the current definition is increased by the fringe benefits tax liability on that amount [new section 136AA]
The Bill will also make two other consequential amendments.
First, to ensure that the effect of the anti-avoidance provisions of section 67 is not reduced, the Bill will amend subsections 67(1), 67(2) and 67(3) to replace the term "fringe benefits taxable amount" with "aggregate fringe benefits amount". The term "aggregate fringe benefits amount" has a meaning similar to the current definition of "fringe benefits taxable amount" (see definition in subsection 136(1)) .
Second, to ensure that instalments of fringe benefits tax for the 1994-95 tax year will be comparable to the expected fringe benefits tax liability for that year, the Bill will require the tax assessed in the previous year to be increased by 93 per cent. This increased amount is the notional tax amount which forms the basis for the determination of the instalments for the 1994-95 tax year [new paragraph 110(1)(c)].
Income Tax Assessment Act 1936
So that amounts of fringe benefits tax paid may qualify for a deduction under subsection 51(1), the Bill will omit subsection 51(4A).
As a consequence of the omission of subsection 51(4A), the Bill will also repeal section 23M.