ATO Interpretative Decision

ATO ID 2011/87

Superannuation

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Issue

Is the medical practitioner an employee of the medical clinic according to section 12 of the Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992 (SGAA)?

Decision

No. The medical practitioner is not an 'employee' of the medical clinic under either the ordinary meaning of the term, or any expanded meanings within section 12 of the SGAA.

Facts

The medical practitioner entered into an arrangement with the medical clinic.

The practitioner provided a number of various medical services within the clinic.

The practitioner was required to complete the work personally and could not delegate.

The clinic provided the practitioner with furnished rooms in which to treat clients, necessary equipment and materials, and receptionist services.

Fees paid by the practitioner's clients were not paid directly to the practitioner, but were instead paid to the clinic and deposited into an account maintained by the clinic. The account was subject to a fee splitting agreement.

Upon the Practitioner providing a tax invoice to the clinic, the practitioner was distributed a set percentage of their client billings as per the agreement. No deductions were made from the amounts distributed to the practitioner.

The clinic effectively kept the remaining percentage in consideration for their supply of services, premises and equipment.

The arrangement between the practitioner and the clinic made no provision for annual leave or sick leave.

Reasons for Decision

[All legislative references are to the SGAA]

The question of whether medical practitioners are employees of a practice - or self employed, with management services being leased from the practice - was discussed in obiter dicta in the Supreme Court of NSW case of Health Services for Men & Ors v. D'Souza & Ors [1999] NSWSC 969. The arrangement between the parties was similar to the current matter.

In the decision, Bryson J stated at [16] and [17]:

There is in my finding nothing in the nature of an employment relationship or employment discipline between the plaintiffs and the medical practitioners. Support given by the plaintiffs to the doctors in their work is very full indeed, even extending to paying their travelling and other expenses of attending at clinics, it may be interstate, to fulfil the rosters. There is no indication in evidence that doctors are ever constrained by the plaintiffs' direction to do anything otherwise than exactly as the doctors choose to act. There is no indication of any source for a right to control them in any such way.

My interpretation of what takes place accords with the view put forward by the defendants. The essence of what is taking place is that patients who need medical treatment are consulting medical practitioners and obtaining the opinion and advice of the medical practitioners; the patients are not interested in consulting persons who are not medical practitioners but conduct clinics through the agency of medical practitioners who form part of their organisation. It would be unlawful for persons who are not medical practitioners to give medical advice and prescribe treatment. The medical practitioners do not receive and prescribe to a standardised chain of patients with standardised conditions; patients and medical practice are just not like that, and the need for individual personal judgment on the medical practitioner's professional responsibility presents itself anew for each patient. It would not be possible for consultations to be bulk-billed to Medicare unless they were consultations with medical practitioners for which medical practitioners were entitled to charge the patients. In my interpretation it is the plaintiffs' business to provide services to medical practitioners to support their practising medicine and in so doing to enhance, I would think greatly, the medical practitioners' opportunity to receive and treat patients in numbers.

[Although an appeal was heard in the Supreme Court of NSW - Court of Appeal in Health Services for Men Pty Ltd & Ors v. D'souza & Ors [2000] NSWCA 56, the above observation was not compromised].

Paragraph 25 [in part] of Superannuation Guarantee Ruling SGR 2005/1 considers the totality aspect of a working relationship, explaining:

Whatever the facts of each particular case may be, there is no single feature which is determinative of the contractual relationship; the totality of the relationship between the parties must be considered to determine whether, on balance, the worker is an employee or independent contractor.

In the current matter, the clinic has no right of control over the manner in which the practitioner performs their services to their clients.

When considering the totality of the relationship within this case in a contractual and practical sense, it is not the view of the ATO that such a relationship is characteristic of an employer/employee relationship.

With regard to the expanded meanings within section 12, the only provision with potential to apply is subsection 12(3). Tests for subsection 12(3) can be found in SGR 2005/1 at paragraph 11, which reads:

For the purposes of subsection 12(3), where the terms of the contract in light of the subsequent conduct of the parties indicate that:

•

the individual is remunerated (either wholly or principally) for their personal labour and skills

•

the individual must perform the contractual work personally (there is no right of delegation); and

•

the individual is not paid to achieve a result,

•

the contract is considered to be wholly or principally for the labour of the individual engaged and he or she will be an employee under that subsection.

As it is considered that the practitioner is performing services for their clients, and paying the clinic for the services that the clinic provides, subsection 12(3) has no application in this matter.

Even if it were to be suggested that the practitioner is providing a service to the clinic, it would still need to be established that the practitioner is being paid wholly or principally for their labour in order for subsection 12(3) to apply.

A payment for labour is usually an hourly rate taking the form of salary or wages. The clinic is not paying either one to the practitioner in this case. Instead, the practitioner is receiving a set percentage of their clients' billings, and the distributions received are in respect of, and conditional to, the completion of each of their client consultations, making the agreement results based.

It is therefore the ATO view that the practitioner is neither a common law employee of the clinic, nor an employee of the clinic under any expanded meanings within section 12.

Year of income:  Year ended 30 June 2011

Legislative References:
Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992
   section 12
   subsection 12(1)
   subsection 12(3)

Case References:
Health Services for Men & Ors v. D'Souza & Ors
   [1999] NSWSC 969

Keywords
Superannuation guarantee scheme

Siebel/TDMS Reference Number:  1-3HPLC9V

Business Line:  Superannuation

Date of publication:  28 October 2011

ISSN: 1445-2782