Practice Statement Law Administration

PS LA 2021/3

Remission of additional superannuation guarantee charge

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This Law Administration Practice Statement provides guidelines in relation to the remission of additional super guarantee charges imposed under Part 7 of the Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992.

1. What is this Practice Statement about?

This Practice Statement sets out what you need to consider in making a decision on the remission, in whole or part, of the additional super guarantee charge (SGC) imposed under subsection 59(1) of the Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992 (SGAA) where an employer fails to lodge a super guarantee (SG) statement by the lodgment due date. This additional SGC is referred to as the 'Part 7 penalty'.

This Practice Statement also sets out when it is appropriate for penalty relief to be applied (refer to section 7 of this Practice Statement).

2. What principles of the SG regime should you consider when making decisions?

The SG regime is designed to ensure that employers provide their employees with a minimum level of super support. This compulsory super is a fundamental pillar in Australia's retirement income system.

Where an employer does not provide this minimum level of super, the employer is liable to pay a tax (the SGC), which comprises:

•

the SG shortfall, calculated on salary and wages (including any overtime)

•

nominal interest of 10% per annum (accrues from the start of the relevant quarter), and

•

an administration fee of $20 per employee per quarter.

The SGC is collected from employers and is distributed primarily to the super interests of employees. For that reason, the SGC is unlike other taxes.

Non-payment of SG contributions has severe impacts on several groups. Employees are deprived of super support, impairing their ability to save for retirement. Employers who meet their SG obligations may be disadvantaged in competing with others who do not comply.

We take non-compliance with employer obligations seriously. We have pay-event reporting of SG accruals, and event-based reporting of contribution payments from funds regulated by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. This information provides us with end-to-end visibility of where an employer has not met their SG obligations for their employees.

Where an employer does not come forward voluntarily for late or non-payment of SG contributions by the due date, we will engage with employers to get their obligations up to date.

3. What is the Part 7 penalty?

The Part 7 penalty is an additional SGC imposed under Part 7 of the SGAA when an employer (when required to) fails to provide:

•

an SG statement for a quarter, or

•

information relevant to assessing the employer's liability to pay the SGC for a quarter.^[1]

The Part 7 penalty arises in two situations:

•

where an employer lodges an SG statement for a quarter after the due date^[2], or

•

where we make a default assessment^[3] of the employer's liability for the SGC because

-

an employer has not lodged an SG statement for a quarter, and

-

we are of the opinion the employer is liable to pay the SGC for the quarter.

The Part 7 penalty is automatically imposed on an employer by law. The Part 7 penalty imposed is equal to double the SGC payable by the employer for the quarter (that is, 200% of the SGC).^[4]

No Part 7 penalty is imposed if an employer lodges an SG statement on or before the lodgment due date, including an extended due date.^[5]

If an employer claims a late payment offset (LPO) to reduce their SGC payable, this reduction is disregarded for the purposes of calculating the amount of Part 7 penalty imposed.^[6] In other words, the Part 7 penalty imposed is equal to double the total SGC for the quarter if no LPOs were claimed.

The minimum amount of Part 7 penalty for a quarter is $20.^[7]

If you amend^[8] an employer's SGC assessment for a quarter and a Part 7 penalty was imposed on the original SGC assessment, you must also amend the Part 7 penalty assessment for the quarter.

On the other hand, if a Part 7 penalty was not imposed on the original SGC assessment for a quarter because the SG statement was lodged before the legislated due date, the Part 7 penalty is not imposed for any subsequent amendments.

However, in either of these circumstances, an administrative penalty for making a false or misleading statement may be imposed.^[9]

SGC assessments covered by the SG amnesty

The Treasury Laws Amendment (Recovering Unpaid Superannuation) Act 2020 introduced a one-off amnesty for employers who voluntarily disclosed SGC liabilities for quarters from 1 July 1992 to 31 March 2018 (known as historical quarters).

If an eligible employer lodged SG statements for historical quarters within the amnesty period (from 24 May 2018 to 7 September 2020), no Part 7 penalty is imposed on the SGC assessments.^[10]

However, an employer who is notified they are disqualified from the amnesty is treated as though they were never eligible for the amnesty.^[11] In these cases, the Part 7 penalty will be imposed and remission will need to be considered.

If an employer had an SGC assessment that was covered by the SG amnesty, and they disclose new information after the end of the amnesty period that increases their SGC for the quarter, the new amounts will not receive the benefits of the amnesty.^[12] As such, Part 7 penalty will be imposed on the new SGC and remission will need to be considered.

Example - employer amends their SGC assessment in response to an audit after the SG amnesty

An employer lodged SG statements on 1 July 2020 for ten employees for the quarters from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015. The employer was not liable for Part 7 penalty as their statements qualified for the SG amnesty.

In February 2022, the employer is audited for the same period following an employee notification, and as a result, lodges SG statements for a further twenty employees.

As this lodgment has been made after the end of the amnesty period, it does not qualify for the amnesty, and Part 7 penalty is imposed on the SGC corresponding to the twenty employees.

4. When can you remit the Part 7 penalty?

You have the discretion to remit the Part 7 penalty, in full or in part.^[13] This can be done as part of the assessment of the penalty (the original assessment stage) or after the penalty is assessed (through an objection decision).

However, your ability to remit a Part 7 penalty imposed for a historical quarter may be restricted to a final penalty of at least 100% of the SGC. For more information on this restriction, and how to work out remission for a historical quarter, see Appendix 2 of this Practice Statement.

Employers have the right to object to an assessment of a Part 7 penalty.^[14] If an employer is dissatisfied with the level of remission of their Part 7 penalty, they should object to the Part 7 penalty assessment - while there is no separate right to object to the remission decision itself, an objection to the assessment encompasses the decision to remit.

5. What process should you follow to determine whether to remit the Part 7 penalty?

The Part 7 penalty is automatically imposed at a rate of 200% of the SGC, meaning there is a wide range of potential final penalty amounts after full or partial remission. This reflects the wide variety of circumstances that can lead to an SG shortfall and/or failure to lodge an SG statement.

While many cases warrant some amount of penalty, the maximum 200% penalty should be reserved for rare cases where there is an employer engaging in egregious tax avoidance behaviour. For all other cases you should consider remitting the Part 7 penalty either in part or in full.

Your remission decision should take into account all the relevant facts and indicia.

You must follow the four-step penalty remission process outlined in Appendix 1 of this Practice Statement when deciding whether it is appropriate to remit the Part 7 penalty down from 200%.

Step 1: Consider remission based on the employer's attempt to comply with their obligations through late payment.

Step 2: Consider remission based on the employer's attempt to comply with their obligations by lodging an SG statement.

Step 3: Consider any increase or reduction in penalty based on the employer's compliance history.

Step 4: Consider any other mitigating facts or circumstances that warrant further remission.

The four-step penalty remission process is designed to accommodate the principles of this Practice Statement and to ensure that employers in like circumstances receive like treatment as far as practicable.

It is also important for you to understand that penalties are imposed to:

•

ensure there are appropriate consequences for employers for failing to pay super contributions for their employees correctly and on time

•

change the decision-making behaviour of employers to ensure that employee SG entitlements are not put at risk of delay, compromise or loss, and

•

encourage employers who fail to pay super on time to take corrective action and lodge SG statements by their due dates.

You must have collected all relevant information and document the evidence and basis for any remission decision you make. Examples illustrating the penalty remission process can be found in Appendix 3 of this Practice Statement.

6. How do you determine remission where an amendment increases the SGC and Part 7 penalty?

If you undertake compliance activity that identifies additional SGC for a quarter that has previously been assessed, you should follow the four-step remission process as normal in relation to the amendment.^[15] This is a new remission decision, unrelated to any previous decision that has previously been made for the quarter.

When you have worked out this remission percentage, you will need to apply it to the additional Part 7 penalty imposed at amendment to determine the residual penalty for that component.

This will be combined with the residual Part 7 penalty that was worked out in the original assessment to determine the overall penalty for the quarter, and the overall remission percentage. In effect, this means any Part 7 penalty which has already been remitted in a previous decision will not be affected (see Example 10 of this Practice Statement).

Sometimes, the original assessment will also need to be amended in order to correct mistakes or small amounts of information missing when an SG statement is lodged. In these cases, a single remission decision can be made for the total assessment.

7. When is it appropriate to provide penalty relief?

In some limited cases, it may be appropriate to provide additional remission to an employer in conjunction with a direction for education - this is known as a 'penalty relief' arrangement.

You may provide an employer with a penalty relief arrangement where education is considered a more effective option to positively influence behaviour.

This approach recognises that while we expect all employers to meet their SG obligations, an employer may have SG knowledge gaps that lead to non-compliance and these can be addressed through education.

An employer should only be considered for a penalty relief arrangement where they have a turnover of less than $50 million and they:

•

took voluntary action to comply with their obligation to lodge SG statements

•

do not have a history of lodging SG statements late

•

have lodged no more than four SG statements after the lodgment due date in the present case

•

have no previous SG audits where they were found to have not met their SG obligations, and

•

have not previously been provided with penalty relief.

Penalty relief would not be appropriate where the employer has:

•

been issued with an SGC default assessment

•

lodged more than four SG statements after the lodgment due date in the present case, or

•

previously been issued with an SG education direction.

Penalty relief may be applied by providing further remission of a residual penalty at Step 4 of the four-step penalty remission process and instead providing the employer with education to help them meet their obligations in the future.

This education should be by way of a formal SG education direction and may be supplemented with informal education. Any education should focus on providing:

•

the appropriate superannuation support to employees to ensure the employer does not have an SG shortfall, and

•

the importance of taking corrective action and lodging SG statements on time if the employer fails to comply in the future.

It should advise the employer of the penalties for failing to lodge on time.

An employer should not be provided penalty relief at any point before the relevant SG assessments have been finalised and you are ready to finalise your remission decision.

An employer cannot apply for penalty relief, and an employer cannot specifically object to a decision not to apply penalty relief. Your decision to apply penalty relief forms part of your exercise of the remission power provided by the SGAA.^[16]

8. What should you do before finalising the remission decision?

In some circumstances, it may be appropriate to contact the employer to give notice of the anticipated penalty and the reasons for the remission decision before applying the Part 7 penalty. This may be appropriate if, for example, a significant residual penalty will remain after remission. You may give notice during an audit conversation or in writing.

The purpose of this contact is to encourage full disclosure of relevant facts and circumstances to ensure the penalty remission is appropriately determined for the individual case in the first instance.

This is not an opportunity to negotiate the anticipated penalty. Rather, it is designed to draw out relevant facts or circumstances for your decision which were previously unknown.

Example - tax officer notifies employer of anticipated penalty

An employer is subject to an audit of their SG obligations for the quarters ended 31 March 2019 to 30 September 2019.

The employer has authorised another person to handle the SG audit and the tax officer has been dealing with this authorised contact. The authorised contact provides SG statements on behalf of the employer for the full period under audit.

The tax officer phones the authorised contact and notifies them of the anticipated penalty and the associated reasons. The tax officer also outlines the relevant facts and circumstances known to them.

The authorised contact requests time to make contact with the employer to obtain any other facts or circumstances relevant to the decision. The employer then contacts the tax officer directly to explain further relevant facts.

Considering these new facts, the tax officer decides to provide further remission of the penalty than was initially indicated.

9. How does the Part 7 penalty interact with other administrative penalties?

TAA default assessment penalty

An employer is also liable to an administrative penalty under the TAA where:

•

we determine a tax-related liability^[17] without the assistance of a return, notice or other document

•

the document has not been provided by a specified time, and

•

the document is necessary to accurately determine the tax-related liability.^[18]

This Practice Statement refers to this penalty as the 'TAA default assessment penalty'.

Where we make a default assessment of an employer's SGC liability, the Part 7 penalty and the TAA default assessment penalty may both apply.

The base penalty amount of the TAA default assessment penalty is 75% of the tax-related liability.^[19]

You can remit the TAA default assessment penalty, in full or in part.^[20]

You should consider remitting in full the employer's liability to the TAA default assessment penalty regardless of the extent to which the Part 7 penalty is remitted. The Part 7 penalty is the penalty specifically provided for by the SGAA and is generally the appropriate penalty to apply where both penalties are imposed.

TAA false or misleading statement penalty

Likewise, an employer is liable to an administrative penalty under the TAA where:

•

the employer makes a statement^[21] to us under a taxation law^[22], and

•

the statement is false or misleading in a material particular, whether because of things in it or things omitted from it.^[23]

This Practice Statement refers to this penalty as the 'TAA false or misleading statement penalty'.

This penalty may be imposed where an employer is assessed for the SGC because they lodged an SG statement, and that assessment is subsequently amended because the SG statement stated an incorrect SG shortfall.

You can remit the TAA false or misleading statement penalty, in full or in part.

Consistent with the treatment of the TAA default assessment penalty, you should consider remitting in full the employer's liability to the TAA false or misleading statement penalty where the Part 7 penalty has also been imposed under the law for the same quarter.

However, you should fully consider the application of the TAA false or misleading statement penalty to the employer's shortfall amount in situations where the law did not impose a Part 7 penalty (generally where an SG statement was lodged on or before the due date).

Administrative penalty remission decision and objections

You are not required to give the employer written notice of a decision to remit in full the TAA default assessment penalty or the TAA false or misleading statement penalty. However, if you do not remit an administrative penalty in full, you must inform the employer of the reasons for that decision.^[24]

Employers can object to an assessment of the TAA default assessment penalty or the TAA false or misleading statement penalty.^[25]

10. More information

For more information, see:

•

Law Administration Practice Statement PS LA 2008/3 Provision of advice and guidance by the ATO

•

Archibald Dixon as Trustee for the Dixon Holdsworth Superannuation Fund v Commissioner of Taxation [2008] FCAFC 54

APPENDIX 1 - FOUR-STEP PENALTY REMISSION PROCESS

Step 1 - consider remission based on the employer's attempt to comply with their obligations through late payment

Using the following table, consider an initial amount of remission based on an employer's attempt to comply with their SG obligations by making late payments to employees' super funds. Where an employer has made these late payments, they can claim an LPO when they lodge their SG statement. While this LPO does not reduce the amount of penalty that is imposed, it is appropriate to recognise that the employer has met their employees' entitlements (albeit late), and some remission is warranted compared to an employer who has not met their employees' entitlements.

This step only considers late payments for which an LPO has been claimed in respect of the relevant quarters. It does not consider:

•

SG contributions that were made on-time^[26], as these did not give rise to an SGC liability or penalty.

•

Late payments where an employer has elected to count those payments towards their obligations in a different quarter, instead of claiming the LPO.

•

Payments of SGC (although these payments may be relevant when considering Step 4 of this decision-making process).

Treatment of partial payments

The remission amounts in this table are appropriate where the employer has paid the entire original SG obligation^[28] for their employees but has an SGC liability due to paying late. If an employer has made late payments of a lesser amount, you should determine a remission percentage that is in proportion to how much has been paid. For example, if an employer made late payments equivalent to 80% of their SG obligations in response to ATO compliance action, an appropriate level of remission at this step would be 8% (that is, 80% of 10%).

Treatment of payments with varying degrees of lateness

Where payments have been made with varying degrees of delay in different quarters within a period that is being considered for remission, you do not need to make separate remission decisions for each quarter. It is appropriate to adopt a remission level corresponding to the greatest degree of attempt to comply that the employer has demonstrated across the period.

Step 2 - consider remission based on the employer's attempt to comply with their obligations through lodgment of an SG statement

Using the following table, consider an additional amount of remission based on the employer's attempt to comply through lodging an SG statement to self-assess their SGC liability. This recognises that there are a broad range of employer behaviours that lead to an SGC assessment, and it is appropriate to address them via a wide spread of remission relative to the full extent of the penalty imposed.

You do not need to consider remission if an employer lodges an SG statement on or before the lodgment due date, including an extended due date, as no Part 7 penalty is imposed.

Often an employer will make initial contact with us to disclose that they have identified SG shortfalls but will not lodge an SG statement until after discussing matters with us. For the purposes of this table, this should be considered the same as a lodgment prior to any ATO contact; the fact that an employer has voluntarily engaged with us on a preliminary basis rather than immediately lodging statements does not demonstrate any lower level of engagement.

Note: Even if you have calculated a remission amount of 100% or greater after considering Steps 1 and 2, you must still consider the remaining steps as the remission may be reduced at Step 3. As you cannot remit more than the penalty, if you have calculated an amount greater than 100%, treat it as being 100% prior to considering Step 3.

Step 3 - consider any increase or reduction in remission based on the employer's compliance history

You should consider the employer's compliance history for both SG obligations and other taxation laws^[31] for the three-year period leading up to the earlier of the day before:

•

the disclosure occurred, or

•

ATO compliance action commenced (either by phone or in writing).

You should evaluate their history by reviewing their ATO records as well as information supplied by the employer^[32] and any other parties.

The employer's SG compliance history will be given more weight than their compliance history for other taxation laws. When reviewing an employer's SG compliance history, you should focus on:

•

the number of quarters for which the employer previously failed to lodge an SG statement by the due date, or for which we made a default assessment

•

the degree of the employer's attempt to comply with their SG obligations previously (not including their attempts to comply for the period being considered)

•

any previous SG audits conducted on the employer that resulted in an SGC liability being assessed, and

•

any shift in behaviour by an employer that has been subject to a previous audit. This may be demonstrated by an improvement or deterioration in their level of engagement and cooperation with us during the compliance activity.

A previous SGC assessment that arose due to ATO compliance action will reflect a poorer compliance history than an SGC assessment that came via a voluntary disclosure.

Depending on an employer's compliance history, you may provide additional remission or may reduce the level of remission provided by the other steps in this remission process. Generally, the amount of additional remission or reduced remission should not exceed the amounts in the following table:

The following examples illustrate some of the common situations of poor compliance history where a reduction in remission may be appropriate:

•

The employer has demonstrated a history or habit of lodging SG statements late.

•

The employer has previously been issued with an SG education direction, and their repeated failure to comply indicates that they have not modified their behaviour in response to that direction.

•

The employer has previously been issued with an SGC default assessment and has shown no improvement in behaviour.

•

The employer was not adequately addressing (through an active payment plan) an outstanding SGC debt, or other tax debt, prior to the current matter arising.

•

The employer has several outstanding lodgments relating to other taxes.

•

Evidence indicates that the employer has previously been disingenuous or deceptive with the information disclosed in an SG statement (for example, by deliberately disclosing only part of their known SG shortfall for the quarter).

The following examples illustrate some of the situations where compliance history is considered extremely poor:

•

The employer has repeatedly failed to meet their obligations even after multiple ATO compliance actions (for example, where they have been audited for SG more than three times previously and were found to have failed to meet their SG obligations each time).

•

The employer has repeatedly attempted to obstruct or hinder compliance action or provided false and misleading statements during compliance action on multiple occasions.

Step 4 - consider any other mitigating facts and circumstances that may warrant further remission

You need to consider all other relevant facts and circumstances to ensure the resulting Part 7 penalty is appropriate.

Where you have already taken into account the degree of the employer's attempt to comply (in Steps 1 and 2) and the employer's compliance history (in Step 3), you should not consider these circumstances again for further remission at Step 4.

For example, an employer may be found to have a good compliance history at Step 3 due to no previous SG audits or previously-lodged SG statements. The fact an employer has not had a previous SG audit or lodged an SG statement before is not also an 'other mitigating fact or circumstance'.

An employer's penalty should not be remitted at Step 4 merely because the penalty may be 'relatively small'.

Different mitigating facts or circumstances may warrant different levels of further remission, depending on their significance in contributing to the employer's non-compliance. Where there are multiple mitigating circumstances present, they should each be considered for remission.

Mitigating facts or circumstances that only warrant very minor further remission (generally not exceeding 5%) include:

•

the facts indicate the employer's SG shortfall arose due to an error or honest mistake

•

you are satisfied that the employer has addressed the issue that led to their SG shortfalls and/or failure to lodge SG statements, or

•

the employer has entered into a payment arrangement to pay their SGC.

Mitigating facts or circumstances warranting minor further remission (generally not exceeding 10%) include:

•

the employer has fully paid their SGC - a lesser amount of remission may be given if the employer has paid part of their SGC, or

•

the employer's non-compliance with their SG obligations occurred in their first year of operation, and their principals had no previous business experience.

Mitigating facts or circumstances that may warrant moderate further remission (generally not exceeding 20%) include:

•

the employer's ability to comply was impacted by the ill health of the employer or a key employee of the employer

•

the employer did make a significant proportion of their SG contributions on time, and the SG shortfalls represent a small portion of their overall SG obligations for the quarter(s)^[33]

•

the employer miscalculated the amount that they needed to contribute for an employee in a quarter due to complex legal interpretative issues^[34], or

•

the employer took reasonable steps to ensure that contributions were made on time, but a third-party issue or error led to the contributions being late by a small amount. This could include payments made to a non-ATO-administered clearing house, where payments were made to the clearing house before the due date.^[35]

Mitigating facts or circumstances that may warrant a larger additional remission (generally not exceeding 50%) include:

•

the malfunction or outage of a key ATO system which the employer can demonstrate caused them to narrowly miss the lodgment due date^[36]

•

a natural disaster, emergency or other similar event has significantly impacted the employer's ability to comply with their obligations, either in terms of making contributions or lodging SG statements

•

the employer's SG shortfalls are due to them correctly classifying their workers as not being employees under the ordinary meaning of employee, but failing to identify that they were employees for SG purposes under the extended definition in the SGAA^[37]

•

the employer's SG shortfalls are due to them misclassifying their workers, and you are satisfied that they took reasonable steps to get their workers' classifications right prior to the period being considered^[38], or

•

the employer participates in a penalty relief arrangement and is given an education direction as a more appropriate treatment for their behaviour.

Note: These lists are not exhaustive.

It may be appropriate, where there are additional mitigating factors to those considered at Steps 1 and 2, to consider increasing the level of penalty remission if the assessment would be considered harsh in the particular circumstances of the employer.^[39] However, it generally would not be appropriate to remit further where the employer:

•

is reasonably expected to have fully understood their SG lodgment obligations (for example, where they have been previously subject to SG compliance action, have repeatedly lodged SG statements after their due date, or are a tax or super professional who should have a higher level of knowledge)

•

has a history of not meeting SG obligations on other entities, such as a previous company run by the same individuals

•

took steps to prevent or obstruct us from determining their SGC liability. This would be more than not responding to an ATO letter. Examples would be where they repeatedly failed to meet agreed timeframes to supply information for no acceptable reason, or deliberately supplied irrelevant, inadequate or misleading information, or engaged in behaviour delaying the provision of information

•

has demonstrated a history of repeated disengagement, or

•

took steps to deliberately evade payment of their SG liability, such as through 'phoenix' activities.

These are regarded as serious cases, and a reduction in the level of remission, or no remission at all, may be appropriate.

APPENDIX 2 - TREATMENT OF HISTORICAL QUARTERS WHERE REMISSION MAY BE RESTRICTED

When does the remission restriction apply?

For SGC assessments made after 7 September 2020, the law generally limits your ability to remit Part 7 penalties for historical quarters (quarters from 1 July 1992 to 31 March 2018).

Where a historical quarter is assessed for SGC after 7 September 2020, you cannot remit the Part 7 penalty below 100% of the SGC unless:

•

the employer voluntarily came forward to lodge an SG statement prior to being notified of any ATO compliance action^[40], or

•

exceptional circumstances prevented the employer from lodging an SG statement, either

-

during the amnesty period (24 May 2018 to 7 September 2020), or

-

before the employer was notified of any ATO compliance action.^[41]

If you are considering remission for a historical quarter, the employer did not lodge prior to being notified of ATO compliance action, and there are no exceptional circumstances, you must not remit the penalty beyond 50% (that is, the final penalty must be at least 100% of the SGC) even if it would be lower after you consider Steps 1 to 4 of the penalty remission process in Appendix 1 of this Practice Statement. You should still follow the penalty remission process to ascertain a level of remission but reduce your remission to 50% if it exceeds that level.

Has the employer come forward voluntarily prior to being notified of any ATO compliance action?

Considering the table at Step 2 of the four-step penalty remission process in Appendix 1 of this Practice Statement, if the employer has lodged an SG statement before any ATO contact, or after initial ATO contact but before any ATO compliance action, they will satisfy this requirement and there will be no restriction on remission.

This will be the case even if an employer was previously notified of ATO compliance action for the quarter in question, where that compliance action was completed and the current lodgment is a disclosure of new information that was not identified during the previous compliance action.^[42]

Are there exceptional circumstances that prevented the employer from lodging an SG statement?

Where exceptional circumstances prevented an employer from lodging an SG statement, your ability to remit is not restricted.

Exceptional circumstances need to have prevented the employer from lodging the SG statement continuously from the start of the amnesty period (24 May 2018) until the date of lodgment or notification of ATO compliance action (whichever is earlier).^[43]

It is not possible to set precise rules for what constitutes exceptional circumstances. The core idea of exceptional circumstances and similar terms is that there is something unusual to take the case out of the ordinary course.^[44] In addition, in determining whether exceptional circumstances exist, you should bear in mind the purpose of the discretion that is being exercised.^[45] When considering a quarter that was covered by the SG amnesty and whether the Part 7 penalty remission restriction applies, you should also bear in mind the purpose of the remission restriction.^[46]

It is not enough for the employer to demonstrate exceptional circumstances that prevented them from meeting the due date to make SG contributions, or to make payment of an SGC liability after disclosing it. The exceptional circumstances must have prevented the employer from lodging their SG statement.

Finding exceptional circumstances is a very high threshold and must be determined on a case-by-case basis depending on the particular facts of the case. Some examples of factors that are unlikely to constitute exceptional circumstances on their own are:

•

An employer facing financial difficulty (including financial difficulty arising from a natural disaster) - while these circumstances may impact an employer's capacity to meet their SG contribution obligations, it does not prevent them from lodging an SG statement and disclosing their shortfall to us. Employers who are unable to make contributions before the due date can lodge an SG statement with us and explore options for a payment arrangement to meet their liabilities.

•

An employer did not understand the law or their obligations - this includes if the employer has relied on poor advice from a third party.

•

An employer made a mistake or error in determining their SG obligations - for example, if they unintentionally or inadvertently treated a payment as falling outside of 'ordinary time earnings' and therefore not forming part of their SG obligation.

•

An employer claimed that they failed to come forward during the SG amnesty due to a lack of time between the SG amnesty being legislated and the SG amnesty period ending - this is not exceptional circumstances, and the employer always had the obligation to lodge SG statements regardless of the existence of the SG amnesty.

Some factors that may point towards a finding of exceptional circumstances include:

•

An employer has been impacted by a natural disaster - however the natural disaster must have directly impacted an employer's ability to lodge; financial hardship or business downturn resulting from a natural disaster alone will not point to exceptional circumstances.

•

An employer's ability to lodge has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic - as with the previous point, the pandemic would need to have directly impacted their ability to lodge, for example, if the employer was displaced interstate or overseas and unable to access business records. The financial impact alone will not be sufficient unless that impact significantly reduced the employer's capacity to ascertain shortfalls and lodge SGC statements.

•

An employer relied on ATO guidance that advised that they did not have an SG shortfall, and as such did not believe they had any obligation to lodge an SG statement. If the ATO guidance turned out to be incorrect, the employer could not have known they were required to lodge before they were advised of the revised position.^[47]

•

An employer was suffering from severe illness or other affliction that rendered them incapable of lodging an SG statement.

There may be some instances where the law or its application to particular facts is uncertain or unclear, such as complex cases of worker classification. The fact that an employer classified workers as contractors, and they were later found to be employees, will not of itself constitute an exceptional circumstance. In determining whether exceptional circumstances are present, you will need to consider the employer's position and all evidence provided, and whether it is reasonable to conclude that the employer could not have known that they needed to lodge an SG statement.

APPENDIX 3 - EXAMPLES

Example 1 - no remission - default assessment with disengagement and phoenix arrangements

Default assessments of an employer's SGC were made on 22 July 2021 for the quarters ended 30 September 2020 and 31 December 2020.The employer has been subject to two previous audits, resulting in default SGC assessments being issued at the conclusion of each audit.

The tax officer also identifies that the director of the employer company is linked to four liquidated companies which have also had compliance issues, suggesting the director has engaged in phoenix activity.

Considering the four-step penalty remission process:

•

Step 1: the employer has not made any late payments for which they have claimed an LPO - No remission.

•

Step 2: the employer did not provide information for the ATO to make an assessment of the employer's SGC and has demonstrated severe disengagement - No remission.

•

Step 3: the employer has been subject to two previous audits and there has been no apparent shift in the employer's attitude to their SG obligations as they again did not cooperate or respond to requests for information. The employer's compliance history is poor - No remission (the case officer cannot reduce the remission level as it is already at no remission).

•

Step 4: no other mitigating circumstances have been identified - No remission.

After considering each of the steps, the Part 7 penalty is not remitted at all. A Part 7 penalty assessment equivalent to 200% of the SGC is issued against the employer. The TAA default assessment penalty is fully remitted.

Example 2 - 40% remission - default assessment with information unable to be provided

Default assessments of an employer's SGC were made on 22 March 2021 for the quarters ended 30 September 2020 and 31 December 2020.

During the compliance activity, the employer:

•

advised they have been unable to find the information that has been requested, but

•

acknowledged that they have SGC liabilities for the relevant quarters.

Considering the four-step penalty remission process:

•

Step 1: the employer has not made any late payments for which they have claimed an LPO - No remission.

•

Step 2: the employer did not provide information to the ATO to make an assessment of the employer's SGC but did not display severe disengagement - 25% remission.

•

Step 3: the employer has no outstanding lodgments or debts in relation to their other taxation law obligations and this is the first time they have been subject to a compliance activity regarding their SG obligations. The employer's compliance history is good - 15% remission.

•

Step 4: no mitigating facts or circumstance have been identified - No remission.

After considering each of the steps, the Part 7 penalty is remitted by 40% [25% +15%], leaving a residual penalty of 60%. A Part 7 penalty assessment equivalent to 120% (that is, 60% × 200%) of the SGC is issued against the employer. The TAA default assessment penalty is fully remitted.

Example 3 - 75% remission - voluntary disclosure prior to ATO contact with poor compliance history

An employer has SG shortfall amounts for the quarters ended 30 September 2020 and 31 December 2020, and on 20 May 2021 lodges the required SG statements for these quarters. This is the third time in the past two years that the employer has lodged SG statements after the lodgment due date.

Considering the four-step penalty remission process:

•

Step 1: the employer has not made any late payments for which they have claimed an LPO - No remission.

•

Step 2: the employer lodged SG statements after the due date but prior to any ATO contact - 90% remission.

•

Step 3: the employer's habitual lodgment of SG statements after the due date illustrates the employer's behaviour to comply with their SG obligation is not improving. The employer's compliance history is poor - 15% reduction in remission.

•

Step 4: no mitigating facts or circumstance have been identified - No remission.

After considering each of the steps, the Part 7 penalty is remitted by 75% [90% - 15%], leaving a residual penalty of 25%. A Part 7 penalty assessment equivalent to 50% (that is, 25% × 200%) of the SGC is issued against the employer.

Example 4 - full remission - SG statement provided with full LPO claim

For the quarters ended 31 March 2020 to 30 September 2020, an employer fails to make SG contributions to the respective super funds of their employees by the due date for each quarter. The employer makes contributions equivalent to the total amount they were originally required to contribute for all three quarters, within three months after the due date for each quarter. The employer also fails to lodge an SG statement disclosing the SG shortfalls.

In response to an audit notification letter issued on 14 November 2021, the employer lodges SG statements on 10 December 2021. In these statements, they claim LPOs for the late payments they made. The employer indicates that it is their first year of operation and they did not understand their lodgment obligations.

Considering the four-step penalty remission process:

•

Step 1: the employer made full late payment, prior to ATO contact and within three months of the due date - 40% remission.

•

Step 2: the employer lodged SG statements in response to ATO compliance action - 60% remission.

•

Step 3: the employer's compliance history is neither good nor poor - No remission.

•

Step 4: the shortfalls occurred during the business' first year of operation - 10% remission.

After considering each of the steps, it is reasonable for the Part 7 penalty to be fully remitted. The tax officer determined a remission percentage of 110% [40% + 60% + 10%], however remission cannot exceed 100%.

Example 5 - 78% remission - SG statement provided with partial LPO claim

For the quarters ended 31 March 2020 to 31 December 2020, an employer fails to make SG contributions to the respective super funds of their employees by the due date for each quarter. The employer makes some late contributions:

The employer also fails to lodge an SG statement disclosing the SG shortfalls. In response to an audit notification letter issued on 15 January 2022, the employer lodges SG statements on 28 January 2022. In these statements they claim LPOs for the late payments they made.

Considering the four-step penalty remission process:

•

Step 1: the employer made partial late payment with differing circumstances across quarters

-

the timeliest payments were made between three and six months after the due date, for the quarters ended 30 June 2020 and 30 September 2020 - remission of 36% as per step 1 (refer to the table in Step 1 of Appendix 1 of this Practice Statement)

-

their payments were equivalent to 50% of the total amounts they were originally required to contribute across the four quarters.

The tax officer adjusts the remission they attribute to this attempt to comply proportionately - 18% remission [50% × 36%].

•

Step 2: the employer lodged SG statements in response to ATO compliance action - 60% remission.

•

Step 3: the employer's compliance history is neither good nor poor - No remission.

•

Step 4: no mitigating circumstances identified - No remission.

After considering each of the steps, the Part 7 penalty is remitted by 78% [18% + 60%] leaving a residual penalty of 22%. A Part 7 penalty assessment equivalent to 44% (that is, 22% × 200%) of the SGC is issued against the employer.

Example 6 - penalty relief applied and SG education direction imposed - voluntary disclosure after initial ATO contact

An employer has SG shortfall amounts for the quarter ended 30 September 2019. In response to an early engagement letter from the ATO on 15 February 2021, the employer lodged an SG statement. Although the employer has previously voluntarily lodged an SG statement and has some outstanding income tax debts, this is the first time the employer has been contacted by the ATO regarding their SG obligations.

The tax officer notes that the employer is eligible for penalty relief. The tax officer believes education will be a more effective tool to improve the employer's compliance and decides to apply penalty relief, offering further remission in conjunction with an education direction.

Considering the four-step penalty remission process:

•

Step 1: the employer has not made any late payments for which they have claimed an LPO - No remission.

•

Step 2: the employer lodged SG statements in response to initial ATO contact - 80% remission.

•

Step 3: the employer's compliance history is neither good nor poor - No remission.

•

Step 4: the tax officer remits the remaining penalty in line with their application of penalty relief - 20% remission.

After considering each of the steps, and applying penalty relief, the Part 7 penalty is fully remitted. In accordance with the penalty relief process, the employer is issued with an SG education direction.

Example 7 - 95% remission - disclosure after initial ATO contact - multiple mitigating circumstances

An employer has SG shortfall amounts for the quarters ended 30 September 2019 to 31 March 2021. On 20 July 2021, in response to an initial early engagement letter from the ATO, the employer voluntarily discloses to the ATO that they have these shortfalls and lodges the required SG statements for these quarters. After lodging SG statements, the employer pays the full SGC liability to the ATO (not including any potential Part 7 penalty). They cannot claim an LPO. The employer indicates that the shortfalls arose because their payroll system had been disorganised and ineffective, and that they have since updated their processes.

Considering the four-step penalty remission process:

•

Step 1: the employer has not made any late payments to the employee funds for which they could claim an LPO - No remission.

•

Step 2: the employer lodged SG statements in response to initial ATO contact - 80% remission.

•

Step 3: the employer's compliance history is neither good nor poor (they had previously lodged SG statements for paid SGC for two quarters) - No remission.

•

Step 4: the SGC has been paid, and the employer has taken steps to rectify the issue that led to the shortfalls - 15% remission [10% + 5%].

After considering each of the steps, the Part 7 penalty is remitted by 95% [80% + 15%] leaving a residual penalty of 5%. A Part 7 penalty assessment equivalent to 10% (that is, 5% × 200%) of the SGC is issued against the employer.

Example 8 - full remission - voluntary disclosure prior to ATO contact - proportionality of shortfalls

An employer has SG shortfall amounts for the quarters ended 30 September 2019 to 31 March 2021. On 20 July 2021, the employer voluntarily discloses to the ATO that they have these shortfalls and lodges the required SG statements for these quarters. The employer explains that they had made what they believed to be the full required contributions for their employees on time, but had mistakenly believed a particular allowance was not part of ordinary time earnings. As such, there were small shortfalls for several of their employees across the period.

Considering the four-step penalty remission process:

•

Step 1: the employer has not made any late payments for which they have claimed an LPO - No remission.

•

Step 2: the employer lodged SG statements before any ATO contact - 90% remission.

•

Step 3: the employer's compliance history is neither good nor poor (they had previously lodged SG statements and paid SGC for two quarters) - No remission.

•

Step 4: the shortfalls represented a small proportion of the SG obligations that the employer had for the quarters in question - 10% remission.

After considering each of the steps, the Part 7 penalty is fully remitted. The tax officer could have determined a remission percentage of up to 20% at Step 4, however the total remission cannot exceed 100%.

Example 9 - full remission - mitigating circumstances - employer's ability to comply impacted by COVID-19

An employer has SG shortfall amounts for the quarters ended 31 March 2020 and 30 June 2020. The employer does not respond to an initial early engagement letter from the ATO, and compliance action is commenced on 8 October 2021. In response to this compliance action, the employer lodges SG statements for the quarters.

The employer explains that they had discovered they had SG shortfalls for the quarters, but that COVID-19-impacts delayed their ability to lodge SG statements as:

•

they had not received the initial early engagement letter as it was posted to their business premises, which was closed at the time due to COVID-19 restrictions

•

a significant portion of their payroll staff had been stood down, which contributed to their failure to correctly make SG contributions, and increased the length of time it took to ascertain the shortfall amounts and complete SG statements, and

•

they could not attend the office of their tax agent due to COVID-19 restrictions, and instead needed to mail paper copies of their signed declarations to their agent.

Considering the four-step penalty remission process:

•

Step 1: the employer has not made any late payments for which they have claimed an LPO - No remission.

•

Step 2: the employer lodged SG statements in response to ATO compliance action - 60% remission.

•

Step 3: the employer has no outstanding lodgments or debts in relation to their other taxation law obligations and this is the first time they have been subject to a compliance activity regarding their SG obligations - 15% remission.

•

Step 4: the COVID-19-impacts significantly impacted the employer's ability to comply with their SG obligations - 25% remission.

After considering each of the steps, the Part 7 penalty is fully remitted. The tax officer could have determined a remission percentage of up to 50% at Step 4, however the total remission cannot exceed 100%.

Example 10 - amended SGC assessment - 45% remission of new Part 7 penalty imposed at amendment

On 1 January 2021, in response to an initial early engagement contact by the ATO, an employer lodges SG statements to disclose SG shortfalls for the quarters ended 30 June 2020 and 30 September 2020. Considering each of the steps in the four-step penalty remission process, the Part 7 penalty was remitted by 95% leaving a residual penalty of 5%. A Part 7 penalty assessment equivalent to 10% (that is, 5% × 200%) of the SGC was issued to the employer.

After receiving a further employee notification regarding the same quarters, the ATO commenced an audit. In response to this compliance activity, the employer lodged amended SG statements for the quarters disclosing significant additional SG shortfalls that were not originally disclosed. The employer does not provide any reasonable explanation for why these additional shortfalls were not disclosed originally.

The tax officer needs to determine a new level of remission for the additional SGC that is assessed at amendment.

Considering the four-step penalty remission process:

•

Step 1: the employer has not made any late payments for which they have claimed an LPO - No remission.

•

Step 2: the employer lodged the amendments in response to ATO compliance action - 60% remission.

•

Step 3: the employer's compliance history is considered poor, as the evidence suggests the employer knowingly failed to disclose the amounts - 15% reduction in remission.

•

Step 4: no mitigating circumstances identified - No remission.

After considering each of the steps, the Part 7 penalty is remitted by 45% [60% - 15%], leaving a residual penalty of 55%.

The tax officer determines a total remission percentage for the quarters that is equivalent to a remission percentage of 95% for the Part 7 penalty that was imposed with the original SGC, and 45% of the Part 7 penalty that was imposed with the further SGC assessed at amendment.

The TAA false or misleading statement penalty is fully remitted, as the Part 7 penalty has already been imposed as a consequence of the same statement.

Example 11 - historical quarter example 1 - exceptional circumstances - ability to lodge impacted by natural disaster

An employer has SG shortfall amounts for the quarters ended 31 December 2017 and 31 March 2018. A notification of audit letter was issued on 14 July 2021. In response to ATO compliance action, the employer advises the tax officer that they had been unable to determine any SG shortfalls for the periods as their business premises were badly damaged by floods that occurred in early 2018. The employer provides estimates of their liability which the tax officer uses to raise default assessments.

As these are historical quarters and the SG shortfalls were not disclosed prior to notification of compliance action, the tax officer's ability to remit will be restricted unless there were exceptional circumstances that prevented the employer from lodging.

The tax officer determines that the employer was prevented from lodging SG statements due to the damage their business premises suffered. Further, given the difficult circumstances it may not have been reasonable to expect the employer to have made a request for deferral for lodging any potential SG statements. The tax officer determines that there are exceptional circumstances that prevented the employer from disclosing SG shortfalls.

The tax officer can consider the four-step penalty process without any restriction.

Example 12 - historical quarter example 2 - no exceptional circumstances - ability to lodge impacted by COVID-19

An employer has SG shortfall amounts for the quarters ended 31 March 2017 to 30 September 2017. A notification of audit letter was issued on 20 October 2021. In response to the ATO compliance action, the employer explains that they were unaware that they had SG shortfalls requiring them to lodge an SG statement. They explain that from March 2020, they were unable to ascertain whether they have SG shortfalls as they:

•

were overseas when the COVID-19 pandemic began

•

were unable to return to Australia due to border lockdowns, and

•

could not access necessary business records to determine any shortfalls as they are stored in Australia.

The employer has subsequently gained access to their business records and lodges SG statements.

As these are historical quarters and the SG shortfalls were not disclosed prior to notification of compliance action, the tax officer's ability to remit will be restricted unless there were exceptional circumstances that prevented the employer from lodging

The tax officer determines that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the employer's ability to disclose SG shortfalls from March 2020 onwards. However, the employer had not provided any evidence to suggest that they were prevented from identifying SG shortfalls and lodging SG statements between 24 May 2018 (the beginning of the SG amnesty period) and March 2020. While the unprecedented impacts of the pandemic would constitute exceptional circumstances from March 2020 onwards, the tax officer determines that exceptional circumstances did not prevent the employer from lodging SG statements from 24 May 2018.

Therefore, the tax officer must ensure that their remission does not exceed 50%, even if the four-step penalty process would lead to a greater amount of remission.^[48]

© AUSTRALIAN TAXATION OFFICE FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

You are free to copy, adapt, modify, transmit and distribute this material as you wish (but not in any way that suggests the ATO or the Commonwealth endorses you or any of your services or products).

Date of Issue: 25 November 2021

Date of Effect: 25 November 2021

File 1-I1A48E2

Related Rulings/Determinations:
MT 2012/3

Related Practice Statements:
PS LA 2007/1 (GA)
PS LA 2007/10
PS LA 2008/3
PS LA 2012/5

Other References:
Explanatory memorandum to the Treasury Laws Amendment (Recovering Unpaid Superannuation) Bill 2019
Treasury Laws Amendment (Recovering Unpaid Superannuation) Act 2020
Taxpayer's Charter - helping you to get things right

Legislative References:
SGAA 1992 12
SGAA 1992 23(1)
SGAA 1992 23(2)
SGAA 1992 Pt 3A
SGAA 1992 33(1)
SGAA 1992 36
SGAA 1992 37
SGAA 1992 37(2)
SGAA 1992 42
SGAA 1992 43
SGAA 1992 Pt 7
SGAA 1992 59
SGAA 1992 59(1)
SGAA 1992 59(3)
SGAA 1992 60
SGAA 1992 62(3)
SGAA 1992 62(4)
SGAA 1992 62(4)(c)
SGAA 1992 62(5)
SGAA 1992 62A
SGAA 1992 74(2)
SGAA 1992 74(4)
TAA 1953 250-10(2)
TAA 1953 284-20
TAA 1953 284-75(1)
TAA 1953 284-75(3)
TAA 1953 284-90(1)
TAA 1953 298-20(1)
TAA 1953 298-20(2)
TAA 1953 298-30(2)
ITAA 1997 995-1(1)

Case References:

Archibald Dixon as Trustee for the Dixon Holdsworth Superannuation Fund v Commissioner of Taxation
[2008] FCAFC 54
(2008) 167 FCR 287
2008 ATC 20-015
(2008) 69 ATR 627

Re Rosemarie Beadle and Director-General of Social Security
[1984] AATA 176
(1984) 6 ALD 1
(1984) 1 AAR 362

Ward v Commissioner of Taxation
[2016] FCAFC 132
(2016) 247 FCR 372
2016 ATC 20-583
(2016) 103 ATR 823

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