Australian Tax Treaties
Norwegian Convention
CONVENTION BETWEEN AUSTRALIA AND THE KINGDOM OF NORWAY FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION
ARTICLE 5
Permanent Establishment
(1)
For the purposes of this Convention, the term " permanent establishment " means a fixed place of business through which the business of the enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
(2)
The term " permanent establishment " includes especially:
(a) a place of management;
(b) a branch;
(c) an office;
(d) a factory;
(e) a workshop;
(f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place relating to the exploration for or exploitation of natural resources; and
(g) an agricultural, pastoral or forestry property.
(3)
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, an enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State and to carry on business through that permanent establishment if:
(a) it has a building site or construction or installation project in that State, or a supervisory or consultancy activity connected therewith, which lasts more than six months; or
(b) it furnishes services, including consultancy services, for the same or a connected project, through its employees or other personnel engaged for such purposes, within a Contracting State for a period or periods aggregating more than six months within any twelve month period; or
(c) it maintains substantial equipment for rental or other purposes within that other State (excluding equipment let under a hire-purchase agreement) for more than six months; or
(d) a person acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State manufactures or processes in the first-mentioned State for the enterprise goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise.
(4)
(a) The duration of activities under subparagraph 3(a) will be determined by aggregating the periods during which activities are carried on in a Contracting State by associated enterprises provided that the activities of the enterprise in that State are substantially the same as the activities carried on in that State by its associate.
(b) The period during which two or more associated enterprises are carrying on concurrent activities will be counted only once for the purpose of determining the duration of activities.
(c) Under this Article, an enterprise shall be deemed to be associated with another enterprise if:
(5)
Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, an enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment merely by reason of:
(a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage or display of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise; or
(b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage or display; or
(c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise; or
(d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise, or for collecting information, for the enterprise; or
(e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
(6)
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies - is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts on behalf of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for that enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 5 and are, in relation to the enterprise, of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
(7)
An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a person who is a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of the person ' s business as such a broker or agent.
(8)
The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself make either company a permanent establishment of the other.
(9)
The principles set forth in the preceding paragraphs of this Article shall be applied in determining for the purposes of this Convention whether there is a permanent establishment in a State other than one of the Contracting States and whether an enterprise other than an enterprise of one of the Contracting States has a permanent establishment in one of the Contracting States.
The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (the MLI) has modified the application of this tax treaty. A synthesised text of the MLI and this tax treaty is available to facilitate the understanding of how the MLI modifies this tax treaty.
For the purposes of this Convention, the term " permanent establishment " means a fixed place of business through which the business of the enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
(2)
The term " permanent establishment " includes especially:
(a) a place of management;
(b) a branch;
(c) an office;
(d) a factory;
(e) a workshop;
(f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place relating to the exploration for or exploitation of natural resources; and
(g) an agricultural, pastoral or forestry property.
(3)
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, an enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State and to carry on business through that permanent establishment if:
(a) it has a building site or construction or installation project in that State, or a supervisory or consultancy activity connected therewith, which lasts more than six months; or
(b) it furnishes services, including consultancy services, for the same or a connected project, through its employees or other personnel engaged for such purposes, within a Contracting State for a period or periods aggregating more than six months within any twelve month period; or
(c) it maintains substantial equipment for rental or other purposes within that other State (excluding equipment let under a hire-purchase agreement) for more than six months; or
(d) a person acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State manufactures or processes in the first-mentioned State for the enterprise goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise.
(4)
(a) The duration of activities under subparagraph 3(a) will be determined by aggregating the periods during which activities are carried on in a Contracting State by associated enterprises provided that the activities of the enterprise in that State are substantially the same as the activities carried on in that State by its associate.
(b) The period during which two or more associated enterprises are carrying on concurrent activities will be counted only once for the purpose of determining the duration of activities.
(c) Under this Article, an enterprise shall be deemed to be associated with another enterprise if:
(i) one is controlled directly or indirectly by the other; or
(ii) both are controlled directly or indirectly by the same third person or persons.
(5)
Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, an enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment merely by reason of:
(a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage or display of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise; or
(b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage or display; or
(c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise; or
(d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise, or for collecting information, for the enterprise; or
(e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
(6)
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies - is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts on behalf of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for that enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 5 and are, in relation to the enterprise, of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
(7)
An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a person who is a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of the person ' s business as such a broker or agent.
(8)
The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself make either company a permanent establishment of the other.
(9)
The principles set forth in the preceding paragraphs of this Article shall be applied in determining for the purposes of this Convention whether there is a permanent establishment in a State other than one of the Contracting States and whether an enterprise other than an enterprise of one of the Contracting States has a permanent establishment in one of the Contracting States.
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