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Appendix 8: Depreciation deductions for small business entities

Use Appendix 8 to work out depreciation deductions as a small business entity.

Last updated 1 July 2024

Calculation 1: Deduction for certain assets and cost additions (costing less than $20,000)

For an explanation of the terms we use in this section, see Guide to depreciating assets 2024 and Tax time definitions.

Under the instant asset write-off measure, an immediate deduction is available for certain depreciating assets that:

  • you start to use, or have installed ready for use for a taxable purpose between 1 July 2023 and 30 June 2024
  • cost less than $20,000 at the end of the income year
  • qualify for a deduction under the simplified depreciation rules.

For an asset for which you have claimed an immediate deduction under the simplified depreciation rules in a prior income year, small businesses can also immediately deduct an amount included in the second element (cost addition) of that asset's cost, where the amount is:

  • the first deductible amount of second element cost incurred after the end of the income year in which the asset was written off
  • less than $20,000
  • incurred between 1 July 2023 and 30 June 2024

Work out the extent that each of these eligible assets and cost additions are used for the purpose of producing assessable income (the taxable purpose proportion).

Calculate the deduction for each eligible asset as follows:

Asset's adjustable value multiplied by its taxable purpose proportion

The adjustable value of an asset is its cost less its decline in value since it was first used, or installed ready for use, for any purpose, whether business or private. The adjustable value of an asset, at the time it was first used, or installed ready for use, for a taxable purpose, will be its cost.

Add up all of the partnership's deductions under this calculation and write the total at row a in Table 1.

Don't include in this calculation amounts for depreciating assets which the partnership started to hold prior to commencing to use the simplified depreciation rules. These assets are allocated to the small business pool (see, Calculation 2).

Calculation 2: General small business pool

Before working out your depreciation deductions under this step, but after taking into account any additions to or disposals from the pool, if the balance of the general small business pool is below $20,000 but greater than zero you can claim an immediate deduction for this amount.

Enter this deduction against general small business pool at row b in Table 1. For more information, see Calculation 5.

To calculate your deductions for the general small business pool, there are 3 parts:

Calculation 2a Opening pool balance

Calculate your opening pool balance, where:

2023–24 not the first income year using simplified depreciation rules

For partnerships already using the simplified depreciation rules, the opening balance of the general small business pool is the closing pool balance for the previous income year, adjusted to reflect any changed business use of a pooled asset. However, as the partnership will have deducted the entire balance (if any) of the small business pool under temporary full expensing in the 2022–23 income year, the opening pool balance at the beginning of the 2023–24 income year is $0.

Write zero ($0) at row b in Table 1.

2023–24 the first income year using simplified depreciation rules

For partnerships that start to use the simplified depreciation rules in the 2023–24 income year, the opening pool balance is the sum of the taxable purpose proportions of the adjustable values of those depreciating assets that are held and used (or installed ready for use), just before the start of the 2023-24 income year, and that are not excluded from the simplified depreciation rules.

To calculate your general small business pool deduction for these assets, multiply the opening pool balance by the general small business pool rate (30%).

Write the total deduction at row b in Table 1.

Calculation 2b Additions to the opening pool balance

Add to your opening pool balance the taxable purpose proportion of the following newly acquired assets and cost additions, where the amounts are equal to or exceed the instant asset write-off threshold:

  • the adjustable value of assets that were first used, or installed ready for use, for a taxable purpose during 2023–24
  • cost addition amounts (second element costs) for existing assets.
  • Also add the taxable purpose proportion of cost addition amounts that are less than the instant asset write-off threshold and are not immediately deductible (see Calculation 1).
  • To calculate your deduction for these pool additions, add together:
  • The taxable purpose proportion of the adjustable value of each depreciating asset first used, or installed ready for use this year, multiplied by half the general small business pool rate (15%).
  • The taxable purpose proportion of cost addition amounts, multiplied by half the general small business pool rate (15%).

Write the total deduction at row c in Table 1.

Calculation 2c Subtractions from the opening pool balance

If the partnership ceases to hold an asset that has been allocated to the pool in 2023–24, or an earlier income year, the taxable purpose proportion of the termination value is subtracted from the pool balance (see Calculation 4b).

Calculation 3: Other depreciating assets

Calculate the deduction for the decline in value of all other depreciating assets that are not included in calculations 1 and 2. For more information, see Appendix 6 and Guide to depreciating assets 2024.

Write the total deduction at row d in Table 1.

Calculation 4: Ceasing to hold depreciating assets

If you used the simplified depreciation rules and you've sold or ceased to use an asset in 2023–24, you may need to reduce your pool balance by the asset's taxable purpose proportion of the termination value or include an amount in your assessable income.

Calculations for ceasing to hold depreciating assets, include:

Calculation 4a Certain assets for which immediate deductions have been claimed

If a balancing adjustment event happens to a depreciating asset for which the partnership has claimed an immediate deduction under calculation 1 this income year or in a previous year, the partnership must include the taxable purpose proportion of the termination value at item 5 Reconciliation items. For more information, see Worksheet 1.

A balancing adjustment event occurs when the partnership stops holding a depreciating asset; for example, when the partnership sells the asset, or the asset is lost or destroyed. Termination value includes money received from the sale of an asset or insurance money received.

For example, a partnership acquired an asset on 1 February 2019 for $6,400. The partnership used the asset only 60% for a taxable purpose and claimed an immediate write-off of $3,840 under the threshold which existed at that time. The partnership disposed of the asset at arm's length on 1 February 2024 for $3,000 (excluding GST). The partnership includes $1,800 as an assessable reconciliation adjustment at item 5.

Calculation 4b Assets allocated to the general small business pool

If the partnership ceases to hold a depreciating asset that had been allocated to the general small business pool in this income year, or in a previous income year, the taxable purpose proportion of the termination value is subtracted from the pool balance.

If expenses are incurred in disposing of, or otherwise ceasing to hold, a depreciating asset, these expenses may be taken into account in Calculation 2 by adding them to the pool balance.

Calculation 4c Other depreciating assets

For information on how to calculate any balancing adjustment amounts on the disposal of other depreciating assets, see Guide to depreciating assets 2024.

Include balancing adjustment amounts at item 5 Reconciliation items, see Worksheet 1.

Calculation 5: Closing pool balance

Calculate your closing pool balance at the end of the year as follows:

  • Step 1: Add the opening pool balance (see Calculation 2a)
  • Step 2: Add the taxable purpose proportion of the adjustable value of assets that were additions to the pool during the year (see Calculation 2b)
  • Step 3: Add the taxable purpose proportion of any cost addition amounts incurred for assets already in the pool during the year (see Calculation 2b)
  • Step 4: Subtract the taxable purpose proportion of the termination value of any pooled assets disposed of during the year (see Calculation 4b).

    If after completing Step 4 your pool balance is less than $20,000 but greater than zero, you can claim an immediate deduction for this amount. Enter this deduction against general small business pool assets at row b in Table 1.The pool's closing balance for 2023–24 will be zero after claiming the immediate deduction.

    If the value of the small business pool is $20,000 or more after completing Step 4, continue calculations as per the steps below.
  • Step 5: Subtract the general small business pool deduction (see Calculation 2a)
  • Step 6: Subtract the deduction for assets first used, or installed ready for use this year (see Calculation 2b)
  • Step 7: Subtract the deduction for any cost addition amounts added for pooled assets during the year (see Calculation 2b).

If the closing pool balance is below zero, include the amount below zero in your assessable income at item 5 Reconciliation items – label B Expense reconciliation adjustments.

The closing pool balance for this year becomes the opening pool balance for 2024–25, after any adjustments to reflect the changed business use of a pooled asset.

Don't write the closing pool balance in the partnership's tax return.

Worksheet: Depreciation deductions for small business entities using simplified depreciation

Table 1: Worksheet – Depreciation deductions (small business entities using simplified depreciation only)

Row

Calculation element

Primary production

Non-primary production

Total

a

Certain assets
(immediately deducted under instant asset write-off)

$

$

$

b

General small business pool

$

$

$

c

General small business pool
(accelerated rate or half rate)

$

$

$

d

Other assets

$

$

$

e

Total depreciation expenses:
add up the amounts from row a to row d.

$

$

$

Transfer the total amount from row e to item 5 – label K Depreciation expenses.

Transfer the total amount from row a to item 50 – label A Deductions for certain assets.

Transfer the total of the amounts at rows b and c to item 50 – label B.

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