Goods and Services Tax Determination
GSTD 2004/1
Goods and services tax: when will the requirement to hold a tax invoice or adjustment note be waived as a result of a court or tribunal decision?
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Please note that the PDF version is the authorised consolidated version of this ruling and amending notices.This document has changed over time. View its history.
FOI status:
may be released| Preamble |
| This document was published prior to 1 July 2010 and was a public ruling for the purposes of former section 105-60 of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953.
From 1 July 2010, this document is taken to be a public ruling under Division 358 of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953. A public ruling is an expression of the Commissioner's opinion about the way in which a relevant provision applies, or would apply, to entities generally or to a class of entities in relation to a particular scheme or a class of schemes. If you rely on this ruling, the Commissioner must apply the law to you in the way set out in the ruling (unless the Commissioner is satisfied that the ruling is incorrect and disadvantages you, in which case the law may be applied to you in a way that is more favourable for you - provided the Commissioner is not prevented from doing so by a time limit imposed by the law). You will be protected from having to pay any underpaid tax, penalty or interest in respect of the matters covered by this ruling if it turns out that it does not correctly state how the relevant provision applies to you. |
| [Note: This is a consolidated version of this document. Refer to the Legal Database (http://law.ato.gov.au) to check its currency and to view the details of all changes.] |
1. The requirement for a tax invoice will be waived in the circumstances described in a legislative determination made by the Commissioner under subsection 29-10(3) of the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 (the GST Act). The requirement for an adjustment note will be waived in the circumstances described in a legislative determination made by the Commissioner under subsection 29-20(3) of the GST Act. These determinations are the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 Waiver of Tax Invoice Requirement Determination (No. 1) 2004 - Decision of a Court or Tribunal and the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 Waiver of Adjustment Note Requirement Determination (No. 1) 2004 - Decision of a Court or Tribunal. Copies of the determinations are attached as Schedules to this ruling.
2. Tax invoices and adjustment notes are key integrity measures under the GST system. In a transaction based tax such as the GST, tax invoices and adjustment notes form an essential part of the audit trail and are important indicators that taxable supplies and adjustment events have occurred. For this reason, subject to specific exceptions,[F1] a recipient entitled to an input tax credit in relation to a taxable supply is required to hold a tax invoice to claim the input tax credit.[F2] Also for this reason, subject to specific exceptions,[F3] a supplier or a recipient of a supply entitled to a decreasing adjustment will have to hold an adjustment note to be able to claim the decreasing adjustment.[F4] Thus it is important that those documents contain the required information[F5] and are issued in a timely manner.
3. A supplier of a taxable supply is obliged to issue a tax invoice or adjustment note within 28 days after a request by the recipient.[F6] If a tax invoice or adjustment note has not been provided by the supplier, the recipient should make an attempt to obtain one by contacting the supplier and requesting the tax invoice or adjustment note. A written request made to the supplier, while not required by the GST Act, would provide clear evidence of the attempt. Where a recipient claims an input tax credit or decreasing adjustment and a tax invoice or adjustment note was not held at the time of lodging the relevant Business Activity Statement (the 'BAS'), the recipient may be making a statement that is false or misleading in a material particular and be liable to an administrative penalty.[F7]
4. There may be reasons for the supplier refusing to give a tax invoice. For instance the supplier may have a genuine belief that a taxable supply has not been made and there is no obligation to issue a tax invoice or adjustment note. This may occur where the supplier believes the supply is GST-free,[F8] input taxed,[F9] or not taxable because the supplier is not registered and is not required to be registered.[F10] The supplier may believe the supply is a supply of real property under the margin scheme.[F11] In other cases the supplier may not be contactable, may have ceased business or will not give the tax invoice or adjustment note for some other reason.
5. Where the recipient believes that a creditable acquisition has been made, or a decreasing adjustment arises from an adjustment event, and is unable to obtain a tax invoice or adjustment note, as appropriate, the recipient should request that the Commissioner exercise the discretion in subsections 29-70(1B) or 29-75(1) of the GST Act to treat as a tax invoice or adjustment note a document that is not a tax invoice or adjustment note respectively.
6. In certain cases the Commissioner will not exercise the discretion in subsections 29-70(1B) or 29-75(1) of the GST Act because he believes the supplier has not made a taxable supply, that the recipient has not made a creditable acquisition or that an adjustment event has not arisen.[F12] In other cases a recipient may have claimed an input tax credit or decreasing adjustment without a valid tax invoice or adjustment note and an assessment or amended assessment has been made disallowing the claim. The Taxation Administration Act 1953 (the TAA) provides a mechanism for the recipient to challenge the Commissioner's view. For tax periods that start before 1 July 2012 if an assessment of net amount for the relevant tax period has not already been made, the recipient will need to request the assessment be made.[F13] The recipient can object against an assessment or amended assessment in accordance with the provisions of Part IVC of the TAA.[F14]
7. Where the Commissioner disallows the objection, the recipient can, under Part IVC of the TAA, apply to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (including the Small Taxation Claims Tribunal if eligible) (the Tribunal) for review of the objection decision or appeal to the Federal Court against the decision.
8. The recipient may attempt to challenge the Commissioner's view by way of declaratory proceedings rather than under Part IVC of the TAA. However, where an assessment has been made, the Commissioner will oppose an application for declaratory relief on the basis that section 105 100 or section 350-10 of Schedule 1 to the TAA applies. This means that where an assessment has been made, and the notice of assessment is produced by the Commissioner, the only avenue for challenging the correctness of the assessment is by the procedures under Part IVC of the TAA.[F15]
9. As mentioned in paragraph 2 of this Determination, tax invoices and adjustment notes are vital documents for the integrity of the GST system. However, where the Commissioner, in making the objection decision, decided that the recipient has not made a creditable acquisition or does not have a decreasing adjustment, but the Court or Tribunal later decides the recipient is entitled to an input tax credit or a decreasing adjustment, it would be unnecessarily onerous to insist on the recipient seeking a tax invoice or adjustment note from the supplier where one is not already held by the recipient. Also in these circumstances the Commissioner should not refuse to exercise the discretions in subsections 29-70(1B) or 29-75(1) of the GST Act.
10. Therefore, under the attached determinations, where the Commissioner, in making the objection decision, decided that the recipient has not made a creditable acquisition or does not have a decreasing adjustment but the Court or Tribunal finds that the recipient is entitled to the input tax credit, or that a decreasing adjustment has arisen from an adjustment event, the recipient will not be required to have held a tax invoice or adjustment note respectively at the time the BAS was lodged. For the attached determinations to apply the matter must have been finally decided. That is, the period in which an appeal may be lodged must have expired without an appeal being lodged.
11. Where the determinations apply, the input tax credit or the decreasing adjustment will be attributable in accordance with subsections 29-10(1) or (2) of the GST Act or in accordance with subsections 29-20(1) or (2) of the GST Act, respectively.
12. The attached determinations will not apply where an order has been made by the Court under the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (ADJRA). The ADJRA does not permit the Court to make a finding as to whether the recipient has made a creditable acquisition and is entitled to an input tax credit, or has a deceasing adjustment. In ADJRA proceedings the Court is judicially reviewing an administrative decision by the Commissioner made under an enactment. A decision by the Commissioner that a creditable acquisition has not been made or that the recipient is not entitled to an input tax credit, or to a decreasing adjustment, is not able to be reviewed on its merits in such a review. The determinations only apply where the Court or Tribunal has found that the recipient made a creditable acquisition and is entitled to an input tax credit, or to a decreasing adjustment.
13. A tax invoice or adjustment note will still be required where the Commissioner reaches a settlement with the recipient and as a result:
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- consent orders are made by the Court, or
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- the Tribunal makes a decision in accordance with terms agreed to by the parties,
without the Court or Tribunal having yet made a finding that the recipient has made a creditable acquisition and is entitled to an input tax credit or to a decreasing adjustment.
14. When negotiating the terms of the proposed consent order it will be necessary to consider:
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- whether the Commissioner will need to exercise the discretion under subsections 29-70(1B) or 29-75(1) of the GST Act;
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- if the Commissioner will need to exercise the discretion, the operation of paragraphs 29-10(3)(b) or 29-20(3)(d) of the GST Act, that is, whether the document to be treated as a tax invoice or adjustment note was held at the time the BAS for the tax period under review was lodged; and
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- whether a revised BAS or application for amendment will need to be lodged if the input tax credit was not previously claimed.
For example, in settling the terms of the consent order, the Commissioner may decide that it is not appropriate to exercise the discretion under subsections 29-70(1B) or 29-75(1) of the GST Act in respect of a document held by the recipient at the time the BAS for the tax period under review was lodged. Instead the Commissioner may agree to a consent order that provides for the discretion to be exercised in respect of a document that was not held by the recipient until later.[F16]
15. The input tax credit is attributable to the tax period for which the BAS was lodged at the time of holding the document. If the BAS has already been lodged for that period the BAS will need to be revised[F17] or an amendment made to an assessment[F18], to claim the input tax credit.
Example
16. Jiesi acquired equipment from Alex, a sole trader, for use in her GST-registered business. Jiesi requested a tax invoice from Alex but he did not provide one. Jiesi has learnt that Alex travelled overseas shortly after supplying the equipment and has not returned.
17. Had Jiesi held a tax invoice, the input tax credit would have been attributed to the tax period in which payment for the equipment occurred. She requested that the Commissioner exercise the discretion in subsection 29-70(1) of the GST Act in respect of another document held at the time she lodged her BAS. The Commissioner refused to exercise the discretion, taking the view that the supply was not taxable. Alex was not registered for GST and the Commissioner is not satisfied that he was required to be registered.
18. Jiesi objected against her assessment under Part IVC of the TAA. The Commissioner disallowed the objection and Jiesi appealed to the Federal Court.
19. The Court found that Alex had made a taxable supply and consequently that Jiesi had made a creditable acquisition and is entitled to the input tax credit. In view of the Court's decision, Jiesi does not need to obtain a tax invoice from Alex or request that the Commissioner exercise the discretion in subsection 29-70(1B) of the GST Act because of the Commissioner's determination under subsection 29-10(3) of the GST Act; 'A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 Waiver of Tax Invoice Requirement Determination (No. 1) 2004 - Decision of a Court or Tribunal'.
20. If no appeal is lodged, the Commissioner will amend Jiesi's assessment for the tax period to give effect to the Court's decision.
Date of Effect
21. This Determination applies both before and after its date of issue. However, this Determination will not apply to taxpayers to the extent that it conflicts with the terms of a settlement of a dispute agreed to before the date of issue of this Determination (see paragraphs 75 and 76 of Taxation Ruling TR 2006/10).
21A. Changes made to this Determination by Addenda that issued on 11 July 2007, 25 January 2012, 31 October 2012, 17 April 2013 and 2 October 2013 have been incorporated into this version of the Determination. Refer to each Addendum to see how that Addendum amends this Determination.
Commissioner of Taxation
3 March 2004
| Schedule 1 |
| COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA |
| A NEW TAX SYSTEM (GOODS AND SERVICES TAX) ACT 1999 |
| DETERMINATION |
| Under subsection 29-10(3) of the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 I make the following determination: |
| Citation |
| 1. This determination is the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 Waiver of Tax Invoice Requirement Determination (No. 1) 2004 - Decision of a Court or Tribunal. |
| Commencement |
| 2. This determination commences on the date the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 commenced. |
| Circumstances where the requirement for a tax invoice does not apply |
| 3. The circumstances set out in clause 4 are circumstances in which the requirement for a tax invoice under subsection 29-10(3) of the Act does not apply. |
| 4. The circumstances are that all the following requirements are satisfied:
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| Situations where a tax invoice is still required |
| 5. However, clause 3 does not apply in any of the following circumstances:
|
| Definitions |
| 6. In this determination:
|
| Dated this 24th day of February 2004. |
| Bruce Quigley |
| Deputy Chief Tax Counsel |
| Delegate of the Commissioner |
| Schedule 2 |
| COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA |
| A NEW TAX SYSTEM (GOODS AND SERVICES TAX) ACT 1999 |
| DETERMINATION |
| Under subsection 29-20(3) of the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 I make the following determination: |
| Citation |
| 1. This determination is the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 Waiver of Adjustment Note Requirement Determination (No. 1) 2004 - Decision of a Court or Tribunal. |
| Commencement |
| 2. This determination commences on the date the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 commenced. |
| Circumstances where the requirement for an adjustment note does not apply |
| 3. The circumstances set out in clause 4 are circumstances in which the requirement for an adjustment note under subsection 29-20(3) of the Act does not apply. |
| 4. The circumstances are that all of the following requirements are satisfied:
|
| Situations where an adjustment note is still required |
| 5. However, clause 3 does not apply in any of the following circumstances:
|
| Definitions |
| 6. In this determination:
|
| Dated this 24th day of February 2004. |
| Bruce Quigley |
| Deputy Chief Tax Counsel |
| Delegate of the Commissioner |
Footnotes
1 Apart from circumstances of a kind for which the Commissioner has made a legislative determination under subsection 29-10(3) of the GST Act, a recipient is not required to hold a tax invoice for low value ($75 or less) acquisitions (subsection 29-80(1) of the GST Act). See also exceptions for second hand goods in section 66-17 of the GST Act and the exception for 'reverse charged' supplies in subsection 83-35(3) of the GST Act. In the case of a creditable acquisition made through an agent, the principal is not required to hold a tax invoice if it is held by the agent (section 153-5 of the GST Act). The tax invoice requirements do not apply in relation to creditable importations (section 29-15 of the GST Act).
2 Subsection 29-10(3) of the GST Act.
3 Apart from circumstances of a kind for which the Commissioner has made a legislative determination under subsection 29-20(3) of the GST Act, an adjustment note is not required for a decreasing adjustment that does not exceed $75 (subsection 29-80(2) of the GST Act). See also exceptions for second hand goods in section 66-17 of the GST Act. In the case of supplies made by or to a principal through an agent, the principal is not required to hold an adjustment note if it is held by the agent (section 153-10 of the GST Act).
4 Subsection 29-20(3) of the GST Act.
5 For tax invoices see subsection 29-70(1) of the GST Act. For adjustment notes see subsection 29-75(1) of the GST Act and A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Adjustment Note Information Requirements Determination 2012.
6 Subsections 29-70(2) and 29-75(2) of the GST Act. Even if the recipient has not requested an adjustment note, suppliers are required to issue one within 28 days after becoming aware of the adjustment if they had issued a tax invoice (or one had been requested). See exceptions for low value transactions in subsections 29-80(1) and 29-80(2) of the GST Act, for supplies under the margin scheme in subsection 75-30(1) of the GST Act and for reverse charged supplies in subsection 83-35(1) of the GST Act. Under section 288-45 of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953 (the TAA), a supplier who fails to issue a tax invoice or adjustment note as required by subsections 29-70(2) and 29-75(2) of the GST Act respectively is liable to an administrative penalty.
7 Subdivision 284-B of Schedule 1 to the TAA.
8 For example, under the transitional provisions (section 13 of the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax Transition) Act 1999) or the going concern provisions (section 38-325 of the GST Act).
9 For example, a sale of residential premises under subsection 40-65(1) of the GST Act.
10 Section 23-5 of the GST Act.
11 Section 75-30 of the GST Act.
12 Decisions in relation to the exercise of these discretions are not reviewable GST decisions under subsection 110-50(2) of Schedule 1 to the TAA.
13 For tax periods that start before 1 July 2012 section 105 10 of Schedule 1 to the TAA requires the Commissioner to make an assessment if requested, subject to the request being made within the time limits in subsection 105 10(2) of Schedule 1 to the TAA. For tax periods that start on or after 1 July 2012 an assessment is made when the BAS is lodged: section 155-15 of Schedule 1 to the TAA.
14 The making of an assessment under section 105 5 of Schedule 1 to the TAA is a reviewable indirect tax decision under subsection 105 40(2) of Schedule 1 to the TAA. Subsection 105 40(1) of Schedule 1 to the TAA gives a right of objection in the manner set out in Part IVC of the TAA. The right to object against an assessment (including an amended assessment) for a tax period that starts on or after 1 July 2012 is given by section 155-90 of Schedule 1 to the TAA.
15 Section 105-100 of Schedule 1 to the TAA is equivalent to subsection 177(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 which was considered in F J Bloemen Pty Ltd v. FCT (1981) 147 CLR 360 at 373 - 375. See also McAndrew v. FCT (1956) 98 CLR 263; FCT v. Dalco (1990) 168 CLR 614 and DCT v. Richard Walter Pty Ltd (1995) 183 CLR 168.
16 This may be the case where the recipient has claimed the input tax credit in the knowledge that a tax invoice was not held and it is appropriate to maintain the General Interest Charge (GIC).
17 For tax periods starting before 1 July 2012.
18 For tax periods starting on or after 1 July 2012.
Previously released in draft form as GSTD 2003/D4.
References
ATO references:
NO 2003/11202
Related Rulings/Determinations:
TR 2006/10
GSTR 2000/1
GSTR 2000/3
Subject References:
adjustment notes
discretions
Goods and services tax
GST Objections
objection against GST assessment
reviewable decisions
tax invoices
Legislative References:
GSTA 1999 23-5
GSTA 1999 29-10(1)
GSTA 1999 29-10(2)
GSTA 1999 29-10(3)
GSTA 1999 29-10(3)(b)
GSTA 1999 29-15
GSTA 1999 29-20(1)
GSTA 1999 29-20(2)
GSTA 1999 29-20(3)
GSTA 1999 29-20(3)(d)
GSTA 1999 29-70(1)
GSTA 1999 29-70(1B)
GSTA 1999 29-70(2)
GSTA 1999 29-75(1)
GSTA 1999 29-75(2)
GSTA 1999 29-80(1)
GSTA 1999 29-80(2)
GSTA 1999 38-325
GSTA 1999 40-65(1)
GSTA 1999 66-17
GSTA 1999 75-30
GSTA 1999 75-30(1)
GSTA 1999 83-35(1)
GSTA 1999 83-35(3)
GSTA 1999 153-5
GSTA 1999 153-10
GSTTA 1999 13
ITAA 1936 177(1)
TAA 1953 Pt IVC
TAA 1953 Sch 1 105-5
TAA 1953 Sch 1 105-10
TAA 1953 Sch 1 105-10(2)
TAA 1953 Sch 1 105-40(1)
TAA 1953 Sch 1 105-40(2)
TAA 1953 Sch 1 105-100
TAA 1953 Sch 1 155 15
TAA 1953 Sch 1 155 90
TAA 1953 Sch 1 350 10
TAA 1953 Sch 1 350 10(1)
TAA 1953 Sch 1 284-B
TAA 1953 Sch 1 288-45
TAA 1953 Sch 1 Div 358
Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977
Case References:
F J Bloemen Pty Ltd v. FCT
[1981] HCA 27
147 CLR 360
11 ATR 914
81 ATC 4280
FCT v. Dalco
[1990] HCA 3
168 CLR 614
20 ATR 1370
90 ATC 4088
McAndrew v. FCT
[1956] HCA 62
98 CLR 263
DCT v. Richard Walter Pty Ltd
[1995] HCA 23
183 CLR 168
29 ATR 644
95 ATC 4067
Other References:
ANTS (GST) Adjustment Note Information Requirements Determination 2012
ANTS (GST) Act 1999 Waiver of Tax Invoice Requirement Determination (No. 1) 2004 - Decision of a Court or Tribunal
ANTS (GST) Act 1999 Waiver of Adjustment Note Requirement Determination (No. 1) 2004 - Decision of a Court or Tribunal
| Date: | Version: | Change: | |
| 3 March 2004 | Original ruling | ||
| 11 July 2007 | Consolidated ruling | Addendum | |
| 25 January 2012 | Consolidated ruling | Addendum | |
| 31 October 2012 | Consolidated ruling | Addendum | |
| 17 April 2013 | Consolidated ruling | Addendum | |
| You are here | 2 October 2013 | Consolidated ruling | Addendum |
| 3 April 2019 | Withdrawn |